The Most Popular Type Of Online Advertising

The Most Popular Type Of Online Advertising Introduction Online advertising can say as a form of promotion. It uses the Internet and World Wide Web for provide the marketing messages to attract customers. Online advertising is also divided into many different forms of advertising. For example, pop-out advertising, button advertising, sponsorships advertising, banner advertising, interstitial advertising, classified advertising, interactive game advertising, text advertising, facebook advertising, floting advertising and so on. It also has variety of payment methods for online advertising. The most common way in online advertising payment methods are CPM, CPC, and CPA. In my opinion, online advertising are the great way for sellers to promote or deliver their goods information for public. Online advertising are easy to use, and the easy way to let public know. The costs of online advertising are very low, so it can save the owners money. Other than that, online advertising also can save our earth. Why I say this is because it is environmentally friendly. The owner post their advert information online, they no need to use the paper to produce advertising paper. Moreover, for public, internet is a common thing nowadays. Most of the people have computer in house. They can online and get the information easily. Besides that, nowadays online shopping is very popular. There are certified sellers, and people can buy product from them safety. Online advertising have many advantages but also have some disadvantages. It cannot deliver the information for the old aged people, because they seldom online and they do know how to use the computer. Moreover, there are also some cheaters online. So, the improvements of online advertising have to do effectively. This report have intro the most popular online advertising. It is banner advertising and facebook advertising. The contents are about the advantages, disadvantages, improvement of the advertising and some example of the advertising. Online Advertising The key of successful business is the business how to promote the product and services to all readers by using the online. According to the statistical data, more of the 80% people will everyday surf through the technologically such as internet. So, the internet has becomes an indispensable part of peoples lives. Thus, it can be considered a wide channel for the business which wants to promote their products and services to all the people. The online advertising method has becomes the most popular method for the business. It is because online advertising is easy and low advertising cost. Besides that, the online advertising also have a lot of the readers or viewers. There are many method of online advertising that can used to promote the product and services such as bloggers advertising, banner advertising, email advertising, forum advertising and so on. But in this assignment, I would like to go on deep about the banner advertising. Advantages of Banner Advertising Banner Advertising is a most important component of web-business creation. It is a good method for making the profits in the website. It is because banner advertising is very simple and easy by just sign up an affiliate programs and follow the instruction given to create an attractive banner that link your website with the advertiser. We can free to choose the design of the layout and content of our site. With the pay-per-click advertisements, we can get paid from viewer who clicked on your banner. Moreover, it is the easier way to let the viewers remember the company name and logo. On the other hand, it become more effective and convenience compare when compare with other online advertising. Furthermore, the banner advertising is much cheaper than other ads. It normally counts by the size of the banner or loads of a banner advertisement, a cost per miles (CPM) for a minimum purchase. For example, if you make a banner ad on Yahoo, it cost you a CPM of $20 $25. It is much cheaper than other advertising media. Compare with others, the small firm or company can afford for the banner advertising cost. In addition, by using the banner advertising that can easy got a lot of larger audiences. Last but not least, with the banner advertising, we can share the information at anywhere and in any times. It is because the internet is links worldwide. So, everyone can access to the Internet 24 hours daily . Besides that, publisher also update the product and service information release products and services as well as promotion instantly. Disadvantages of Banner Advertising There are few disadvantages of banner advertising. Firstly, there is no assurance of the audience responses. It is because banner only assures that the banner advertising maybe will just be viewed by people and is no guarantee that people will click on the banner advertising. Secondly, the publisher must make sure that the banner advertising is attractive and innovative. It is because if the banner advertising is not attracted by the reader, then nobody would click into the banner advertising and deliver the message of the advertising . It is waste time and cost because maybe the business or firm need to hire the professional for creating a unique banner in order to compete with the competitors. The speed will also the banner advertising. It is because many graphics, moving image or video will take more time to load and waiting the image appears. This and the idea that designer create will become mess, it will be discourage some viewers and readers. Finally, the publisher can only know about the number of views of the banner advertising but unable to estimate the effective of the advertising. It is because banner ads may be unreliable on the revenue. Furthermore, there are too many incidents of cheating in Internet, viewers will have a thought before clicking into any ads because viewer will to afraid the fraud cases and the viruses spread. This eventually brings negative effect on the banner advertising who advertises through online. Improvement Banners adv is most popular for the marketers. But in the recently years, the prices of the banner advertising are drop and also not so attracted by the people. So, the designer must use the bright color for the advertising. It is because bright color can easy attract the readers attraction. Besides that, the slogan for the advertisement needs to be improved. The slogan must be short and clear that can let the readers understanding the contents of the advertising. Besides that, the best way to advertise the banner advertising is using animate. Comparing the static advertising and animated advertising, animated advertising can attract more the readers. All the animation effect can be more easily to express the meaning of advertising. On the other hand, if the banner advertising want increase viewer, the advertising picture must load quickly. It is because most all the viewers do not have so much patience, it is not suitable for the viewer waiting so long. So, we must let our advertising loading faster. Facebook Advertising Facebook is born on year 2004. It is created by three Harvard university students, the purpose they launched this website is to put students in touch with one another and share their photos and meet new friends. Firstly, the name of the website is known as thefacebook.com. After a year, the website becomes extremely popular on the Harvard campus and students in 800 colleges across the United States are joining the network. In August of that year, its membership grew to more than 5 million, and the sites name changed to Facebook. Facebook was originally launched for college students, but today anyone can join the network. Facebook purpose is giving people a way to share information in an easy and entertaining way. So facebook advertising is nowadays popular in every level of people. Advantage of facebook advertising is clearly proved in recent year. Now, let me explain about the advantage of facebook advertising. It can be classified and change from existing advertising to one by one type of signal transduction by knowing the facebook users interests, their areas of work, the brand they concern and the way they interacting with friends. As we know, nowadays many people took facebook as a part of their lives, so this is the where you can find your audience who interested to your product. There is a real case about the efficiency of facebook adverting. Facebook give ability to CM Photographic Company to target their consumer group, which are the women between 24-30 years old and their relationship status on Facebook indicated that they were engaged. Over the 12 month, the CM Photographic Company put in $600 advertising investment on facebook and they already generated nearly $40,000 profit. Recently, aready have 11,977 facebook users like CM Photographic company, they not only effective consumer, they have indicated a wish to obtain more information. This is the example of the facebook advertising. The advertisement always appears on the right side, and if you want to know the information clearly, you can click the title of the advertisement to get more information on its front page. Advantages of facebook advertising are numerous. It can easily reach your target consumers. You can link with 500 million customers that who are potential. Moreover, you can choose your audience by interest, age, location and gender. You can random use simple image or text-based adverts to view your product. Facebook advertising can deep strengthening the relationship between seller and buyer. It can promote your facebook front page and website, facebook user can use use the like button to increase your adverts influence. It also can found a community around your business. The most important thing when we want to create the adverts is budget. Facebook advertising provide a system that are low-cost and easily to control your budget. You can Set the daily budget you are adapt and regulate your daily budget at any time. Other than that, you can also select to pay only when people click (CPC) or see your advert (CPM). The disadvantages of facebook adveritising are the credibility is very small. The person who see the advertisement have to reflect on the advertisement whether it is true or not. This is because nowadays many cheater. Another disadvantages is the promotion that published on the facebook advertising, some of it are cheat. The seller just wants to attract the facebook user to look at the advertisement. Other than that, the field of people level are not balance. Normally, the facebook user are young or middle-aged people, but less of old aged people. So that, not everything can advert on facebook. Besides that, there are something cannot sell online. This is because you do not know whether there is suitable for u to use or not. There are some improvement can make for facebook advertising. The most important is get reliance form the user. Facebook can survey the information of the advertisement before published on facebook. Other than that, also can distributed an authenticate for the real information advert. Conclusion Normal advertising is a method of promoting product by using 100% offline and physical product such as newspapers, magazines, flyers and others. It is the form of advertisement that easily spread any message to the reader. By using online advertising, the reader internet just can only know the product and services. The online advertising and offline advertising both have their different usefulness. But, both advertisement must include the name of the product and services, it can easily let the reader can understand at a glance. Besides that, the advertisement also must include the benefits of the product and services that can easily persuade the reader from buying the product and services and can increase the sales and profit. Internet also become the main and efficient medium for advertising and it has be predicted that the online advertising and marketing is going to replace the normal advertising through the traditional media such as television, radio, newspaper and magazines. Comparison The online advertising is more efficiently compared with the normal advertising such as television. It is because the online advertising can immediately send the information to the reader. So, the reader can quickly up-to- date with all kind of information. On the other way, the old method of advertising such as newspaper would take at least 1 day to produce the advertisements. So, the reader cannot immediately know all the information. The normal advertisement such as television or newspaper that can be obtained by copyright, takes a lot of time. Unlike the online advertising, we do not need to waste the time to obtain the copyright. Thats why online advertising is faster and save the publishers time. Besides that, if we want to publish the advertising through the traditional advertising such as newspaper, it may charge a higher advertising fee. But for the online advertising, we directly post our advertising through the website. It can be free or just charge a little of the cost fees. Besides that, the online advertising also can post the product pictures that can let the reader convenient to choose the product. Thus, some of the websites provide 24 hours service a day, so the reader can choose the product or services at anytime. For the traditional method, only the readers who are willing and able to buy the newspapers able to view the advertisement. The online advertising is for the reader who can access the internet only can view the advertisement. So, it is considered as global advertising. But if the advertising were to be done through the newspaper, the advertisement can only be used in one country. There are few advantages of online advertising compared to the traditional online advertising that give the company ads more wider coverage and the global wider coverage that will help to make the advertisement more popular among people which could help to get better result though online advertising campaign. Online advertising is faster compared to the offline advertising in sending out the ads to the audience in advertising the campaign. However, there are also some disadvantages involved in online advetistment. Disadvantages of advertising online include measurement problems, audience characteristics, potential for deception, costs, limited production quality, poor reach and lack of Intrusiveness. For normal advertising, it can be said that it is more effective and powerful in promoting a particular product or service. The advantages that are derived through online advertising such as right from cost, availability, wider consumer markets, and the potential to increased profit margins, internet advertising has the upper hand. For the traditional print methods and distributions have the trends of the internet surpass at each level of the marketing process. Traditional print advertising is composed of common marketing collateral. Internet advertising is the conglomeration of electronics such as computer, or server, and the marketing collateral is on a professionally designed website, which also known as an electronic storefront. In evaluating costs in traditional print publication, heavy expenses are incurred through the design for each campaign or promotion, printing fees, and storage facilities to store the containers and bundles of material. Furthermore, there is the distribution cost that needs to be considered such as the costs of labour, transportation and the postage itself. Talking about the error rectification, the traditionally printed promotion may incur at the costs that be paid. In contrast, the advantages of Internet-based advertising, the error modification incur a little cost in repairing typographical errors and wrong promotion dates. Its much easier to fix an oversight instantly, and only takes a moment. To throw light on the availability of a business, traditional print promotions are time-centered. The hours of a business or service are limited to the hours, hence potential sales to consumers during the non working hours are limited. The promotion is also possible for only a set tenure, and when the session gets completed, the whole process is repeated with additional cost. In analyzing the advantages of internet versus traditional print methods, the consumer market potential is extremely limited in the traditional advertising with geographical restrictions in most media being available only to the local viewing area. The businesses are rarely in small-mid-size in approaching the sales on a national or global level. By comparison, the internet marketing is more advantages since it caters to the global market and has no physical or geographical limitations. In this day and age, the website is readily available to any consumer with a computer includes the majority of consumers throughout the world. There are no additional costs in reaching the expanded global markets since internet advertising extends to the global audience. The chances of potential customers are more and hence the profit margin is also on the higher side. In other words, the advantages of internet advertising is much more than the traditional print forerunner, in lessened costs, availability, expanded consumer markets, and largely in the overall profit margin .

On His Arrival at the Age of Twenty- Three Poem Analysis Essay

On his arrival at the age of twenty-three, written by John Milton was created during the puritan period. John Milton was born in cheapside, London, in 1608, he grew up in a wealthy family that gave Milton all the opportunity’s to be well educated and attend Cambridge University one of the most highly decorated schools in Europe and the World. Milton grew up during the puritan age, literature during the puritan age shows the effects of social and religious conflicts, these thoughts effect how Milton wrote poetry and in this poem he reflects on his religious beliefs. At the age of 43 Milton was completely blind which affected his writing after that period, although he wrote this poem before that time allowing a different view of the world and religion. One thing to understand about Milton’s sonnets is their topical range was that he was not a writer of love sonnets. Milton writes political sonnets, occasional sonnets, elegiac sonnets, and sonnets of personal meditation, like this one. The result of the puritan period was a loss of freedom, severe persecution for all and a decline in literary progress (Hodson, February, 2013). On his arrival at the age of twenty-three was most likely written in 1632 at a crucial time in Milton’s life, just after his graduation from Cambridge. Milton here acknowledges that he may not seem as mature as some of his contemporaries but expresses a desire to use his talents well and his trust in God’s will for him over time. On his arrival at the age of twenty-three comments on how a man’s life has gone by, what he’s done and achieved and what role God plays into the life of humanity. The poem shows the concerns that Milton had about his career when he was young and still hadn’t chosen his own way in life. In this famous work of his we don’t see a celebration of a birthday but a problem that the young gentleman faces as time passes by. The author uses many metaphors and symbols in order to give a more vivid image of his problem, and at the end he gives a solution to this problem. In fact, this problem is relevant even today, when young people have to decide on a career. Also as time goes by people ask them more often what they have done in their life. Milton places a tone of despair and hope all into one poem, he’s aware he hasn’t done anything worthwhile in his life yet but believes God has still given him time to, the theme of the novel is that time goes quickly and if you leave your time in to the hands of God he will be on the right path in life, but also the crisis of faith and putting your life into Gods hands. Grant-3 Grant-3 Milton worries that time has passed too quickly. He has been at Cambridge studying, but has had little time to fulfill what he sees as his destiny. Milton is aware he is a talented poet, but instead of writing poetry, he has been studying. This precipitates a crisis of faith for the poet, who worries he has wasted precious time. But maybe the poet’s talent, which â€Å"be it less or more,† (Milton line 9) will be less when he is mature. He worries, although he is still confident of his future. About fifty years after Milton’s death, however, this poem was named â€Å"On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three. † This title was immediately popular and has endured the time since his death, even if some scholars of Milton wonder whether in saying that â€Å"Time† has â€Å"Stolen† his â€Å"three-and-twentieth year† Milton is actually saying that he is commemorating in this poem his twenty-fourth and not his twenty-third. (Poetry for Students,  ©2013 Gale Cengage). Milton wrote in a Sonnet that had an a,b,b,a c,d,d,c rhyme style. The Petrarchan Sonnet was used during this time period, a Petrarchan sonnet into two distinct parts: the octave (the first eight lines) and the sestet (the last six lines). The octave usually poses a problem, depicts a situation, or offers an observation. The sestet usually provides a resolution of the problem or brings the matter to a conclusion. This sets up the poem for a problem proposed and a solution to solve everything (Hodson, February, 2013) Milton uses the structure to his advantage and his poses the problem of asting his time or â€Å" But my late spring no bud or blossom shew’th† (Milton line 4) and having no achievements yet. To the solution that â€Å" Toward which Time leads me, and the will of Heaven† God will lead him to what right and how he should live his life and use his talents to please God and get into heaven. In on his arrival at the age of twenty-three Milton is both the writer behind the poem and the speaker of it. This shows the poem i s about him and his experience with time. Grant-4 Grant-4 The though development throughout the poem is very intriguing and uses careful diction and metaphors to get his point across. In the first and second lines â€Å"How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, Stolen on his wing my three-and-twentieth year! † (Milton 1,2). Milton personifies Time meaning Father Time that steal your youth then he uses a metaphor of a bird to represent time after and how Father time stole his Twenty-three years of youth. Just like someone stealing an object, the job is done quick and goes unnoticed till a later time just like time creeps up on all of us. Milton goes on to say he hasn’t been able to have any achievements yet. Next Milton says â€Å" Perhaps my semblance might deceive the truth, that I to mandhood am arrived so near; and inward ripeness doth much less appear† (Milton 4,5,6). The poet remarks that he does not seem as old as he is and the truth that he is practically a man. Inward ripeness continues the natural metaphor of bud and Grant-5 Grant-5 lossom in line 4; the poet has more maturity or ripeness inside than he shows outside, although others are â€Å" more timely-happy spirits endu’th† (Milton 8) meaning that they are happy being there age. This is where the shift from Octave to sestet occurs. He has stated the problem that live has gone by so fast he hasn’t been able to get an achievements and how he’s matured more then anyone else. Allow ing for a depressing tone by using words like stolen, no bud, deceive and a late spring to perceive that his time and talents have been completely waster so far. Where the octave found dissonance between his inner and outward states of maturity, the sestet’s answer is that time and the will of heaven will even things out according to plan. The sestet and solution begins with him realizing that weather he achieves something in his life now or later it will still be measured in the strictest even (Milton 11). Noting the multiple puns used by Milton in this line: â€Å"measure† could mean a musical measure or a line of verse; â€Å"even† may be an adjective modifying â€Å"measure† or may lead the reader into the next line, â€Å"even to that same lot. Milton often places adjectives both before and after nouns, and he likewise often lets the word at the end of a line work in two different ways in each line (encyclopedia. com). Regardless of how much maturity there is he is being judged equally to everyone else. The final three lines tell the audience that Milton will let God lead him to where ever he wants him to be and leaves his decision to God or the â€Å"taskmaster†. â€Å"Time leads me, and the will of Heaven† (Milton 12) Father time lets life go on and Milton will follow the will of the heavens. Milton then goes on and ends the poem by saying â€Å"I have grace to use†¦ in my great Taskmaster’s eye† (Milton, 11,12). Just like God chose Milton’s talents so will his destiny be chosen. Grant-6 Grant-6 The theme Milton developed throughout the poem was one of time going by quickly and the crisis of faith, the hard decision of putting all of it in God, although this would be easy for Milton to do back in the times of the puritans because that is what they believed in, although this day and age is would be a lot different. That’s the tremendous part of this poem, its applicable to every day society and life, we can use it to learn and be better. The crisis created by Milton’s awareness of the passage of time is one that can be resolved by the poet’s choice to put his future in God’s hands. In the first eight lines of the poem, Milton worries that time has passed too quickly. He has been at Cambridge studying, but has had little time to fulfill what he sees as his destiny. Milton is aware he is a talented poet, but instead of writing poetry, he has been studying. This precipitates a crisis of faith for the poet, who worries he has wasted precious time. Although he soon realizes God will lead him in the correct path with time and he can use his talent of poetry to the best of his ability. Milton used a cunning way and the sonnet format to produce a poem that can be read and studied throughout the ages and still be applicable to that day. Religion and the crisis of faith will always be a hot topic and its up to personal opinion to figure out which one you should choose. Milton and his puritan views allowed him to pick God easily although someone like Robert Herrick a cavalier in his days, would choose a carefree life so they live while they can now, â€Å"times, still succeed the former† (Herrick, To the Virgins, to make much of time, line 12). Throughout the poem Milton uses nature imagery for metaphors and produces and affective tone of despair and hope between the octave and sestet, also putting a theme of the how time passes very quickly and the crisis of faith.

Is migrant domestic labour a modern form of international slavery - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2246 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In the twenty first century, employment of domestic workers is entirely universal. They carry out tasks such as child-rearing, food provisioning and preparation, cleaning, laundering and other homemaking tasks. Most of this invisible work throughout recorded history has been considered to be outside of production, either unwaged or so poorly paid it cannot serve to reproduce the labourer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is migrant domestic labour a modern form of international slavery?" essay for you Create order However, domestic work, traditionally undertaken by women, is social reproduction, and is necessary to sustain productive labour. Marxists believe that social formations arise from the dominant mode of production and necessarily reflect and reproduce that mode in order to continue it through time. In a capitalist system, the reproduction of both the means of production and the forces of production must be ensured, otherwise production will cease and the system will flounder. The global capitalist economy has altered the social reproduction over the past three decades and many wealthier sections of society in developed countries now pay woman from poorer countries in the developing world to care for their children and carry out their domestic requirements. This migration for work in domestic service occurs on international, regional and rural-urban scales, and has become a major mechanism by which Third World women are incorporated into the waged labour market. However, the widespread phenomenon of the contemporary maid trade (Momsen, 1999: p.9) possess a number of disturbing similarities to the slave trade of the 16th to 19th centuries. Maids experience violence, are highly vulnerable and have limited access to political, social and economic citizenship rights. This causes them to become frustrated or defeated by the awesome power of the state to restrict or prohibit their capacity to belong to the imagined community of the nation (Mitchell et al, 2003). In order to assess whether migrant domestic labour is a 21st century form of international slavery, it is necessary to recognise the reasons for its occurrence: the capitalist economy. Globalised capitalism has changed the face of social reproduction worldwide over the past four decades, enabling intensification of capital accumulation and exacerbating differences in wealth and poverty. During the 1960s and 1970s, feminist theories labelled housework as the great equaliser of women. Whatever women did, they all did housework, and if there were some women who hired others to do it they were a privileged few. All women were workers and their home was the workplace. This work was unpaid and unsupervised. Since then, the demand for domestic help has altered considerably. During the 1960s, the dual career family emerged as a new family form (Gregson and Lowe, 1994), but one that could only function if there were surrogates to take over the wifes domestic role. In addition, for many countries the 1980s saw the demise of the social contract as a result of neoliberalism, privatisation, and the fall of the welfare state. The result was a reliance on private means of securing and sustaining social reproduction characterised by an increase in hiring of workers to cope with childcare and eldercare. This is usually done by women, and has clear class, race and national components. Many women immigrate from Third World countries in search of work in the First World. The increasing global wage gap is a powerful incentive for the move. In addition, migrants can also receive more security in the developed world, having access to a variety of jobs, which is a crucial factor in the instabilities that globalisation creates. In 1996, over half of those who legally emigrated to the United States were women (Hochschild, 2000). The majority of these female migrants found work as domestics. The burden of middle-class working mothers in the rich North is reduced at the expense of increasing the burdens of these servants immigrating from the developing world, who are often also mothers themselves. Immigrant workers must rely on the help of others to care for their own children. In this global care chain, poorer women raise children for wealthier women while still poorer women raise their children. Parrenas (2001: p.86-88) describes this globalisation of mothering by detailing how one domestic worker relies on a paid domestic worker to care for her children in the Philippines as she takes care of the household work of a professional woman in Italy. Although it is important to recognise that the employer is not directly responsible for this separation of mother and child, the situation does possess similarities with separation of slave children from their mothers during the slave trade. Many migrant workers are illegal, as in the case of Paraguayan women working as domestic servants in Buenos Aires, or they are largely undocumented, as in Singapore (Momsen, 1999). They choose to work as live-in domestics because it is an occupation which provides a place to live for newly- arrived immigrants, and it is least likely to be checked by immigration authorities. Cox and Watt (2002) carried out a survey of domestic workers in the Hampstead area of North London, and the women sampled were all employed on an informal basis. The consequence of this was that these immigrants have no legal rights to basic requirements such as sick or holiday pay, or health and safety cover. T his arrangement was highly beneficial to employers as they had no responsibility for their employees. Furthermore, in receiving countries, state policy often treats foreign domestic workers as no more than a form of commodified labour to be bought and sold in the open market (Yeoh, and Huang, 1998). In Singapore, foreign workers are largely seen as a buffer to even out the swings of the business cycle (The Straits Times, November 17, 1988, quoted in Yeoh and Huang, 1998) and are subject to repatriation during periods of economic downturn such as the 1984/5 recession when 200, 000 workers were sent home (Salaff, 1990). This treatment cannot be equated with slavery, but nonetheless it is exploitation of financially less advantaged people and reinforces the domination and control of one group over another. Migrants who work in domestic services experience a further lack of basic rights in the way in which their employers have a significant degree of control over their movement. For example, the employer often exerts power over the worker by holding their passport to ensure their good behaviour. his means that the workers liberty is severely restricted and her movements controlled by her employer. In addition, while employers do not own their workers, in the United States, the visas given to domestic workers require them to only work for the employers who sponsor them. If they leave the employer they are liable for deportation. The actual experience of the worker in this sense may therefore, be similar to that of a slave (Anderson, 2000). Domestic workers are increasingly recognised in the international community as among the most widely exploited and most vulnerable to abuse and violence (Stasiulis and Bakan, 1997: p.32). Violence against domestics is hard to quantify, but incorporates a variety of types including physical violence, poor living conditions and overwork. The most severe violence towards domestics was highlighted in May 2015 when Indonesia ann ounced that it would stop sending new domestic workers to 21 Middle Eastern countries after two Indonesian women were executed in Saudi Arabia (France-Presse, 2015). Poor living conditions are also witnessed and are characterised by a lack of food and privacy. In Canada, thousands of migrant workers gain access to the country via the Live-in Caregiver programme. This is a visa programme designed and implemented by the Canadian federal government, to create a supply of domestic workers at rates affordable to middle-class Canadian families. The vast majority of domestic workers come from the Philippines and since 1984 this origin has accounted for over 60 per cent of migrant workers (Pratt et al, 1998). The programme stipulates that the migrant domestic worker must live in their employers home. Some employers fail to provide a lock for the door and respect the workers room as a private space. The insecurity of their own room means that domestic workers cannot properly claim a place , and it communicates to them their lack of rights and the transitory nature of their stay in Canada (Pratt, et al 1998). Hunger is also a problem for some domestic workers. If starvation is not really the issue, their diminished status is communicated and absorbed through food restrictions. Beyond the shortage of food, some domestic workers also feel a great awkwardness about introducing their own cultural food habits into the house. This lack of privacy and food alone cannot be claimed to be a form of slavery, however the relationship that it creates between employer and employee does have parallels with the control and power exerted over slaves by their master during the slave trade. A major feature of the exploitation of domestic workers occurs through the restricting, controlling or even striking out of the maids day of rest. A survey by Yeoh and Huang (1998) on migrant domestic workers in Singapore found that 28.4 per cent of the maids have no day off at all, about one thir d have one day off per month, and just over 10 per cent have one day off per week. Pratt, et al (1998) describes the discomfort felt by Filipino domestic workers in Canada, within the rest of the house when their employers were home, because of feelings that they must continue working and a sense of being scrutinised. Domestic workers are also subject to non-payment or a reduction in wages. Furthermore, the management of these companies find ways of shaving off nearly an hours worth of wages a day, such as time spent travelling from house to house and unpacking equipment. It can be suggested therefore, that domestic work is a form of economic slavery. Suggestions that migrant domestic labour is a 21st century form of international slavery particularly come from the nature of the work they must carry out and also physical violence that they are subjected to. For example, domestic workers are often told to scrub the floor twice daily with a toothbrush and stand to attention while t he employer is out. Anderson (2000) illustrates the horrific treatment migrant servants all too frequently face. She gives details of a 15 year old girl from Burma who was sold by her parents and taken to Bangkok where she worked 18 hour days, cooking, cleaning, doing the laundry, massaging her employers and sleeping on the floor in a store room. She was required to do this for 5 months without pay. The girl attempted to escape, but was brought back at gunpoint. In other cases, male employers have been found to rape and sexually abuse migrant workers. Migration for work in domestic service, although having deep historical roots, has been reinvented in the last three decades in response to the global spread of neo-liberal economic policies and the increased paid employment of women. It has now become a transnational activity, in which women leave their native land to work for a short period in a foreign country, in order to support the families left behind. Much of this work is do ne by racialised minorities and those whose legal status is precarious (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2003). These groups are therefore, highly vulnerable and their treatment by the middle- class has led to claims that migrant domestic labour is a 21st century form of international slavery. This is highlighted through the separation of mother and child, a lack of basic rights and the abuse of power and control over employees. However, it must be recognised that these experiences are not uniform within and between countries. Many domestic workers are well treated and lead happy lives. Moreover, it has been argued that while some workers experiences may be similar to those of slaves, the mechanisms of power exercised over them are different. The legal limitations on the power held over migrant domestic workers in the 21st century are generally greater than those that were held over slaves. Bibliography Anderson, B. (2000) Doing the Dirty Work? The Global Politics of domestic labour. London: Zed Books. Cox, R. and Watt, P (2002) Globalization, polarization and the informal sector: the case of paid domestic workers in London, Area. 34: 39-47. Ehrenreich, B. and Rothschild, A.R (2003). Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. London: Granta Books. France-Presse, A. (2015) Indonesia to stop sending domestic workers to Middle East, The Guardian, Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/05/indonesia-to-stop-sending-domestic-workers-to-middle-east-reports,. 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(1990) Women, the family, and the state: Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore ÃÆ'? Newly Industrialised Countries in Asia, in: Stitcher S. and Parpart J.L (eds) Women, Employment and the Family in the International Division of Labour, pp. 98-136. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Stasiulis, D. and Bakan, A. (1997) Negotiating Citizenship: The Case of Foreign Domestic Workers in Canada, Feminist Review No. 57 , Citizenship: Pushing the Boundaries (Autumn, 1997): 112-139. Yeoh, B. and Huang, S. (1998) Negotiating public space: Strategies and styles of migrant female domestic workers in Singapore, Urban Studies 35: 583-602.

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